Nowadays, the complex dynamics of space and time have led to an increase in both internal and transnational immigrations. This research aims to examine the distribution pattern of the Afghan immigrants in Iran and identify the legal and policy imperatives associated with their spatial planing within the country. Utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods, along with employing ArcGIS software, maps were created to illustrate the spatial distribution of Afghan immigrants in Iran. Also, to explore the policy - legal imperatives affecting their distribution, thematic analysis was used. The findings indicate that the distribution of Afghan immigrants in Iran is primarily based on areas designed as permissible or No-Go areas. Their distribution pattern is influenced by the three primary factors: a) economic-environmental factors, b) immigrants’ preference to live in immigrant-dense neighborhoods and their spatial exclusion, and c) inefficient laws and policies in spatial planning for immigrants. Intra-provincial distribution of immigrants within permissible areas is predominantly driven by economic factors and access to job opportunities. At the micro and local levels, the distribution and spatial density of Afghan immigrants are affected by factors such a spatial exclusion and the concentration of immigrants in certain areas due to low rent costs or the presence of established immigrant communities. Therefore, the key policy- legal, and managerial imperatives for the spatial planning of Afghan immigrants in Iran, as identified by experts, include:  formulating macro and long-term policies and integrating them into national spatial planning programs, estabilishing laws and regulations for the spatial planning and economic management of foreign nationals, and managing and monitoring population distribution through recogniting local capacities and inter-institutional coordination.